Q1. If some cell-surface receptors, including cytokine receptors and notch, can rapidly signal to the nucleus by activating latent transcription regulators at the plasma membrane, why do most cell-surface receptors use long, indirect signalling cascades to influence gene transcription in the nucleus?

Q2. Cellular Respiration: Draw out an inner membrane of the mitochondria showing the: proteins, electrons, intermembrane space, NADH, FADH2, oxygen, water and ATP/ADP, etc.

Label each structure and show movement of electrons and hydrogens in order to generate ATP.