In this module, you will complete a full assessment of your own community; the focus should be your county, city or town. The broader you keep this assessment the better you will do in N493.

**Do not select a population, like children in daycare or adults who smoke – that will be done in Community Health II. 

Defining the Community

Your community can be any geographically defined county, city, or town. Clearly delineate the following dimensions before starting the process of community assessment:

 Describe the population that is being assessed?

 What is/are the race(s) of this population within the community?

 Are there boundaries of this group? If so, what are they?

 Does this community exist within a certain city or county?

 Are there general characteristics that separate this group from others?

 Education levels, birth/death rates, age of deaths, insured/uninsured?

 Where is this group located geographically? Urban/rural?

 Why is a community assessment being performed? What purpose will it serve?

 How will information for the community assessment be collected?

Assessment

After the community has been defined, the next phase is assessment. The following items describe several resources and methods that can be used to gather and generate data. These items serve as a starting point for data collection. This is not an all-inclusive list of resources and methods that may be used when a community assessment is conducted.

The time frame for completion of the assessment may influence which methods are used. Nonetheless, these items should be reviewed to determine what information will be useful to collect about the community that is being assessed. It is not necessary to use all of these resources and methods; however, use of a variety of methods is helpful when one is exploring the needs of a community.

Data Gathering (collecting information that already exists)

Demographics of the Community

 When demographic data are collected, it is useful to collect data from a variety of levels so comparisons can be made.

 If the population that is being assessed is located within a specific setting, it may be best to contact that agency to retrieve specific information about that population.

 The following resources provide a broad overview of the demographics of a city, county, or state:

 Find population, housing, and economic and geographic data for your city based on U.S. Census data

 Easy access to facts about people, business, and geography, based on U.S. Census data

 Obtain information about a specific city or county on these useful websites and  

Information from Government Agencies

 this resource is published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It identifies health improvement goals and objectives for the country to be reached by the year 2020

 this agency is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; this website provides statistical information about the health of Americans

o  

 The CDC website contains a large amount of information related to the health of the American population. The search engine within this website can be used to find relevant information

 Every state in the United States has its own specific health improvement plan and goals that are based on the Healthy People 2020 document. This information may be available on the state health department website.

 State and local health departments provide information related to vital statistics for the community.

Other Data Sources

 Americas Health Rankingsthis website provides information about various health indicators for each state: 

 Other relevant data sources may be found by conducting an Internet search related to the topic that is being examined through the community assessment.

After data are collected from various sources, it is important to review the information and to identify assets and areas for improvement in the community by comparing local data (if available) versus state and national data. This will facilitate organization of the information that has already been obtained and will provide direction for the next step of the process.

Data Generation (data are developed that do not already exist):

Windshield Surveys

With the use of public transportation or by driving a vehicle around the community, one can observe common characteristics of the community.

Examples of key observations to make when one is assessing the community through a windshield survey include the following:

 Age of the homes in the community

 Location of parks and other recreational areas

 Amount of space between homes and businesses

 Neighborhood hangouts

 Transportation in the community

 Quality and safety of streets and sidewalks

 Stores and other businesses

 People out in the community

 Cleanliness of the community

 Billboards or other media displays

 Places of worship

 Healthcare facilities 

Participant Observation

Spend time observing the population that is being assessed. Through observation of interactions among group members, much can be learned about the community, including the following:

 Developmental level of the population

 Effectiveness of peer-to-peer interactions

 Respect for peers and others

 Safety in the environment

 Economic status

Informant Interviews

Informants could be people who are familiar with and interact with the population on a regular basis.

Examples of questions that may be asked of key informants include the following:

 Strengths/assets of the community

 Areas of improvement for the community

 Concerns of community members

 Access to health care

 Emergency plans for natural or man-made disasters

Focus Groups

Focus groups (usually small groups of 6-12 people) can be helpful when one is gathering information about specific areas of concern within the population. Use of a focus group involves open dialogue about the population, whereas an interview or survey yields only individual responses.

 Focus groups may be effective for assessing the following:

 Satisfaction with services provided

 Community resources used

 Transportation issues within the community

 Safety within the community

 General concerns of members of the population

Surveys

Surveys may be used to collect data from the community. Selecting a sample of the target population may prove helpful in the collection of data that are easier to analyze. It is important to ensure that the sample is representative of the target population.

A survey should be developed that takes into consideration the developmental level of the group that is being assessed. Questions should be written at the appropriate developmental level, so they are answered in a way that makes the data useful. Surveys might include closed-ended (yes/no), multiple choice (several responses to choose from), Likert scale (Strongly Agree/Agree/Neutral/Disagree/Strongly Disagree), or open-ended (why/how) questions.

Topics that may be addressed in a survey include the following:

 Demographic information

 Status of employment

 Safety within community

 Safety in environment

 Personal safety (seatbelts, helmets, etc.)

 Stressors/stress management patterns

 Risky behaviors

 Support systems

 Volunteer/community activities

 Rest patterns

 Nutrition

 Dental hygiene

 Health promotion activities

Your submission should be a minimum of 2000 words (maximum 2500 words) in length and should completely answer the items noted using at least 3 sources. Remember all APA papers include a title page, running head/page #s, introduction, level headings, conclusion, and reference page.